In the rapidly evolving digital landscape, the integration of 5G, the Internet of Things (IoT), and Ultra-Wideband (UWB) technologies is opening up a realm of possibilities that were once relegated to the pages of science fiction. Among the most promising…
5G NR (New Radio) is the standard for the fifth generation of mobile networks, which provides significant improvements over the previous 4G LTE technology. It’s designed to meet the growing demand for data and connectivity in today’s mobile and IoT…
The European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) has defined various interfaces and protocols for mobile telecommunications networks. While ETSI primarily focuses on the standardization of telecommunications protocols and interfaces in general, it does not specify interfaces for specific stages of a…
The BBU (Baseband Unit) is a crucial component in a 5G (Fifth Generation) network, responsible for several critical functions that contribute to the network’s overall operation and efficiency. Its role in the 5G network call flow includes the following functionalities:…
In a 5G (Fifth Generation) wireless network, the Radio Remote Unit (RRU) plays a critical role in enabling high-speed, low-latency, and reliable wireless communication. Its elementary role and functionalities in a 5G network include: In summary, the elementary role of…
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Network Function Virtualization (NFV) is a technology that enables network operators to virtualize their network functions onto commodity hardware, such as servers, switches, and storage devices. The purpose of NFV is to create a more flexible, scalable, and cost-effective network…
What interfaces are used in evolved packet core? The Evolved Packet Core (EPC) is a network architecture used in 4G LTE and 5G networks. It includes several interfaces that enable communication between the different components of the network. Here are…
5G spectrum explained 5G spectrum is a range of radio frequencies that are used to transmit data over 5G networks. 5G spectrum is an important resource for wireless carriers and mobile network operators, as it enables faster data transfer speeds,…
The ePDG has the following key features: Platform Requirements The ePDG service runs on a Cisco ASR 5000/ASR 5500 (DPC1/DPC2) chassis running the StarOS operating system and Virtualized Packet Core (VPC) platforms. The chassis can be configured with a variety…
MC-LAG, or Multi-Chassis Link Aggregation Group, is a type of link aggregation group (LAG) with constituent ports that terminate on separate chassis, primarily for the purpose of providing redundancy in the event one of the chassis fails. The IEEE 802.1AX-2008 industry standard…
Introduction to OLT (Optical Line Terminal) and ONT (Optical Network Terminal), ONU (Optical Network Unit) OLT (Optical Line Terminal) OLT and ONT? Lets start with OLT then. The main function of OLT is to control the information float across…